Category Archives: Maritime Studies

Son yıllarda denizcilik sektörü teknolojik ilerlemeye ve daha sıkı güvenlik ve operasyon standartlarına doğru önemli bir ivme kazandı. Gemiler daha sofistike hale geldikçe ve düzenlemeler geliştikçe, iyi eğitimli gemi personelinin rolü giderek daha da önemli hale geliyor. Bu bağlamda, SIRE 2.0 programı ve GDS Gemi Makine Dairesi Simülatörü, denizcilik mürettebatını yeni talepleri karşılamak ve denizcilik operasyonlarının güvenliğini ve verimliliğini artırmak için gerekli derin teknik becerilerle donatmak üzere tasarlanmış öncü araçları temsil ediyor. SIRE 2.0'ı ve Denizcilik Eğitimine Etkisini Anlamak Gemi Muayene Raporu Programı (SIRE), özellikle tanker operasyonları için denizcilik sektöründe güvenlik ve operasyon standartlarını sürdürmede uzun zamandır temel bir araç olmuştur. Petrol Şirketleri Uluslararası Deniz Forumu (OCIMF) tarafından başlatılan program, gemilerin durumunu ve operasyonlarını değerlendiren kapsamlı bir muayene sistemi sunmaktadır. Ancak, modern gemilerin artan karmaşıklığı ve daha sıkı çevre ve güvenlik düzenlemeleriyle, geleneksel SIRE programının bu gelişen ihtiyaçları karşılamak için iyileştirmelere ihtiyacı vardı. Bu, mürettebat yeterliliği, operasyonel mükemmellik ve teknik becerilere daha fazla odaklanarak veri merkezli inceleme metodolojilerini birleştiren yükseltilmiş bir sürüm olan SIRE 2.0'ın geliştirilmesine yol açtı. SIRE 2.0'ın temel özelliklerinden biri, mürettebat üyelerinin karmaşık ekipman ve operasyonları idare etme yeterliliğini değerlendirmeye odaklanmasıdır. SIRE 2.0, yalnızca gemi durumuna odaklanmak yerine, gemideki personelin pratik becerilerini, bilgilerini ve karar alma yeteneklerini değerlendirir. Bu, mürettebat üyelerinin yalnızca ekipman ve operasyonel standartlara aşina olmasını değil, aynı zamanda kritik durumlara etkili bir şekilde yanıt verebilmelerini de sağlar. SIRE 2.0'daki mürettebat yeterliliğine vurgu, endüstrinin güvenlik ve operasyonel mükemmellikte insan merkezli bir yaklaşıma doğru kaymasıyla uyumludur. Bu paradigma değişimi, eğitim programlarının geleneksel eğitimin ötesine geçmesi ve daha pratik, teknoloji odaklı becerilere yönelmesi gerektiği anlamına gelir; GDS Gemi Makine Dairesi Simülatörü gibi simülatörlerin devreye girdiği yer burasıdır. GDS Gemi Makine Dairesi Simülatörünün Beceri Geliştirmedeki Rolü GDS Gemi Makine Dairesi Simülatörü, modern gemilerin makine dairesi ortamını taklit eden ve denizcilik personeline kontrollü bir ortamda uygulamalı deneyim sağlayan gelişmiş bir eğitim aracıdır. Bu simülatör, tahrik, yardımcı makineler, elektrik sistemleri ve acil durum protokolleri dahil olmak üzere gemi makine dairelerinde bulunan çok çeşitli kritik sistemleri kapsar. Mürettebat üyeleri simülatörü kullanarak becerilerini uygulayabilir, karar alma süreçlerini iyileştirebilir ve gerçek dünya hatalarıyla ilişkili riskler olmadan karmaşık sistemleri ele alma konusunda güven kazanabilirler. Simülatör, kursiyerlerin ekipman arızaları, güç yönetimi sorunları ve çevresel zorluklar gibi gerçekçi senaryolara katılmalarını sağlar. Bu eğitim, baskı altında etkili bir şekilde yanıt vermek için gereken derin teknik becerileri geliştirmelerine yardımcı olmak açısından paha biçilmezdir. Genellikle dijital ve otomatik kontrolleri entegre eden gemi makinelerinin artan karmaşıklığı göz önüne alındığında, bu tür simülatör tabanlı eğitim, personelin hem rutin hem de acil durum operasyonlarına iyi hazırlanmış olmasını sağlar. SIRE 2.0 ve GDS Simülatörü ile Derin Teknik Beceriler Geliştirme SIRE 2.0'ın yeterlilik standartlarını GDS Gemi Makine Dairesi Simülatörünün pratik yetenekleriyle entegre ederek, denizcilik eğitim kurumları günümüzün yüksek riskli denizcilik ortamında olmazsa olmaz olan derin teknik becerileri geliştirebilirler. Bu araçları kullanan eğitim programları aşağıdakiler de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli yönleri ele alabilir: Operasyonel Hazırlık: Gerçek hayattaki makine dairesi koşullarını simüle ederek, GDS simülatörü personelin sistemler ve süreçler hakkında sezgisel bir anlayış geliştirmesini sağlar ve bu da SIRE 2.0'ın mürettebat hazırlığı ve durumsal farkındalığa odaklanmasıyla uyumludur. Kriz Yönetimi ve Karar Verme: Simülatör, acil durumları taklit eden senaryolar sunarak kursiyerlerin kriz müdahalesi uygulaması yapmalarına, eylemleri önceliklendirmelerine ve baskı altında kritik kararlar almalarına olanak tanır. Teknik Yeterlilik: GDS simülatörü, personelin karmaşık makinelerin arızalarını giderme ve bakımını yapma konusunda gelişmiş beceriler geliştirmesine yardımcı olur ve bu da SIRE 2.0'ın operasyonel mükemmellik standartlarına ulaşmak için çok önemlidir. Çevresel Uyumluluk: Çevresel düzenlemelere giderek daha fazla vurgu yapılmasıyla, simülatör mürettebat üyelerinin uyumluluk standartlarını ve yakıt kullanımını optimize etme ve atıkları etkili bir şekilde yönetme gibi çevresel etkiyi azaltan uygulama prosedürlerini öğrenmelerini sağlar. Güvenlik Protokolleri: Gerçekçi eğitim senaryoları aracılığıyla simülatör güvenlik protokollerini güçlendirir ve personelin riskleri belirleyip azaltabilmesini sağlar; bu da SIRE 2.0 denetim programının temel bir bileşenidir.

SIRE 2.0 and Training Technical Personnel using Engine Room Simulator (ERS)

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SIRE 2.0 Training

SIRE 2.0 training is designed to prepare vessel operators, crew members, and shore-side personnel for the Ship Inspection Report Programme (SIRE) 2.0, a new risk-based inspection regime introduced by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF).

Here's a breakdown of key aspects of SIRE 2.0 training:

Objectives:

  • Understanding SIRE 2.0: Familiarize participants with the structure, methodology, and requirements of the updated inspection program. This includes the five stages of inspection (request, validation, preparation, execution, and reporting), the revised VIQ (Vessel Inspection Questionnaire), and the focus on human factors.
  • Technical Knowledge: Enhance understanding of the technical aspects of vessel operations, including:
    • Cargo handling and operations
    • Mooring operations
    • Engineering systems and maintenance
    • Navigation and bridge procedures
    • Safety and emergency procedures
    • Environmental protection measures
  • Human Factors: Develop awareness and skills related to human factors in ship operations, such as:
    • Communication and teamwork
    • Situational awareness
    • Decision-making
    • Fatigue management
    • Stress management
    • Leadership and management
  • Compliance and Best Practices: Ensure participants are well-versed in relevant regulations and industry best practices, including:
    • SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea)
    • MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships)
    • STCW (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping  for Seafarers)
    • ISGOTT (International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals

SIRE 2.0 Training Providers

Several organizations offer SIRE 2.0 training courses, including:

By integrating SIRE 2.0’s competency standards with the practical capabilities of the GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator, maritime training institutions can foster deep tech skills that are essential in today’s high-stakes maritime environment. Training programs using these tools can address various aspects, including: Operational Readiness: By simulating real-life engine room conditions, the GDS simulator enables personnel to develop an intuitive understanding of systems and processes, which aligns with SIRE 2.0’s focus on crew readiness and situational awareness. Crisis Management and Decision-Making: The simulator provides scenarios that replicate emergency situations, allowing trainees to practice crisis response, prioritize actions, and make critical decisions under pressure.
  • SQLearn: CBT courses covering various aspects of SIRE 2.0.
  • Anglo-Eastern Maritime Training Centre: A comprehensive SIRE 2.0 training course.
  • GDS Training Institute: Developer of the Engine Room Simulator. Training offered by Istanbul Technical University Marine Engineering Department's Experts with Chief Engineering and Academic Expertise. Utilization of the GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator (SERS™) for SIRE 2.0 hands-on training. GDS & ITU Experts Team offers this training either ONLINE or FACE-to-FACE at the Istanbul Technical University Simulators Center, Tuzla, Istanbul.
  • Lloyd's Register: Provides a Tanker Vetting and Inspection (SIRE 2.0) course.
  • RINA: Offers a Vetting Inspections as per SIRE 2.0 course.

SIRE 2.0 Training Methods

Engine Room Simulator (ERS), Marine Engineering Training, Maritime Simulation, IMO STCW 2010 Standards for Training and Certification of Watchkeeping, Model Course 2.07 (2017 Ed.), Ship Electrical Systems, Full Mission, Assessment, Evaluation, Root-Cause Analysis, Troubleshooting, Performance, Operational Level, Management Level, Energy Efficiency, Online Training

SIRE 2.0 training can be delivered through various methods, including:

  • Online Courses: Offer flexibility and convenience, allowing participants to learn at their own pace.
  • Classroom Training: Provides interactive learning experiences and opportunities for group discussions and exercises.
  • Simulator Training: Allows participants to practice skills and procedures in a safe and controlled environment.
  • Onboard Training: Provides practical training and assessment in the actual work environment.

Benefits of the SIRE 2.0 Training using Engine Room Simulator

Engine Room Simulator (ERS), Marine Engineering Training, Maritime Simulation, IMO STCW 2010 Standards for Training and Certification of Watchkeeping, Model Course 2.07 (2017 Ed.), Ship Electrical Systems, Full Mission, Assessment, Evaluation, Root-Cause Analysis, Troubleshooting, Performance, Operational Level, Management Level, Energy Efficiency, Online Training
  • Improved Safety and Environmental Performance: Enhances knowledge and skills to operate vessels safely and efficiently, minimizing risks to personnel, the environment, and cargo.
  • Reduced Inspection Deficiencies: Prepares vessels and crew for SIRE inspections, reducing the likelihood of findings and non-conformities.
  • Enhanced Compliance: Ensures compliance with industry standards and regulations, minimizing the risk of penalties and detentions.
  • Improved Operational Efficiency: Promotes best practices and efficient operations, leading to cost savings and improved productivity.
  • Increased Competitiveness: Demonstrates commitment to safety and quality, enhancing reputation and competitiveness in the industry.

By investing in SIRE 2.0 training, vessel operators and crew can ensure they are well-prepared for the new inspection regime and contribute to a safer and more sustainable maritime industry.

The Importance of SIRE 2.0 and GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator in Developing Advanced Skills for Onboard Maritime Personnel

The maritime industry has significantly pushed towards technological advancement and stricter safety and operational standards in recent years. As vessels become more sophisticated and regulations evolve, the role of well-trained onboard maritime personnel becomes increasingly essential. In this context, the SIRE 2.0 program and GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator represent pioneering tools designed to equip maritime crews with deep technical skills necessary to meet new demands and improve the safety and efficiency of maritime operations. These tools provide a more immersive and practical learning experience, allowing crew members to understand ship operations and emergency procedures better, thereby enhancing their ability to respond effectively in real-world situations.

For more reading: SIRE 2.0 Training and GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator.

 

The GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator Team System (SERS™4Team) is a cutting-edge maritime simulation platform designed to enhance collaborative teamwork in the maritime industry. Specifically developed to meet the IMO STCW 2010 Standards for Training and Certification of Watchkeeping, including Model Course 2.07 (2017 Ed.), SERS™4Team provides comprehensive marine engineering training through an immersive full mission engine room simulator (ERS) environment.   SERS™4Team focuses on IMO Engine Room Resource Management principles, enabling trainees to develop critical skills in communication, decision-making, and task allocation within a realistic engine room setting. The system covers all aspects of engine room operations, from ship electrical systems to main propulsion, and offers training at both operational and management levels.   Furthermore, SERS™4Team facilitates in-depth assessment and evaluation of trainee performance, allowing instructors to identify strengths and weaknesses. Advanced tools for root-cause analysis and troubleshooting enable trainees to understand and learn from their mistakes, ultimately improving their technical skills and problem-solving abilities. By incorporating scenarios focused on energy efficiency, SERS™4Team promotes best practices for optimized fuel consumption and reduced environmental impact. This ensures that trainees are not only technically proficient but also environmentally responsible. Sources and related content

Why You Should Choose GDS SERS™ in Your SIRE 2.0 Training Program?

Choosing GDS SERS (Ship Engine Room Simulator) for your SIRE 2.0 training offers several compelling advantages that can significantly enhance the effectiveness of your training program and better prepare your crew for the challenges of the new inspection regime. Here's why: 

1. Enhanced Realism and Immersion:
  • Realistic Engine Room Environment: SERS replicates a realistic engine room environment, complete with authentic equipment, controls, and systems. This immersive experience allows trainees to interact with the machinery and systems they will encounter onboard, fostering a deeper understanding of their operation and functionality. 
  • Real-Time Simulation: SERS simulates real-time engine room operations, including dynamic responses to changes in parameters, equipment malfunctions, and emergency situations. This dynamic simulation enables trainees to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills in a safe and controlled environment. 

2. Comprehensive Training Coverage:

  • Technical Skills Development: SERS facilitates the development of essential technical skills required for safe and efficient engine room operations. Trainees can practice routine maintenance, troubleshooting, and emergency procedures, gaining confidence and proficiency in their roles.
  • Human Factors Integration: SERS integrates human factors principles into the training, allowing trainees to experience the impact of communication, teamwork, and decision-making in a simulated engine room environment. This helps them develop crucial non-technical skills essential for SIRE 2.0 compliance. 

3. Alignment with SIRE 2.0 Requirements:

  • Focus on Critical Operations: SERS training scenarios can be customized to focus on critical operations and systems emphasized in SIRE 2.0, such as cargo handling, mooring operations, and emergency response. This targeted training ensures trainees are well-prepared for the specific challenges of the new inspection regime. 
  • Human Factors Assessment: SERS allows for the assessment of human factors performance in a simulated environment, providing valuable insights into crew behavior and decision-making under pressure. This data can be used to identify areas for improvement and enhance crew performance in line with SIRE 2.0 expectations.

4. Cost-Effectiveness and Efficiency:

  • Reduced Operational Disruption: SERS training can be conducted without disrupting actual vessel operations, minimizing downtime and associated costs. Trainees can practice and develop their skills in a simulated environment without impacting real-world operations. 
  • Optimized Training Delivery: SERS offers flexible training delivery options, including online and on-site training, allowing for customized training programs that meet specific needs and schedules. This flexibility optimizes training efficiency and minimizes disruption to crew schedules.

5. Continuous Improvement and Performance Monitoring:

  • Performance Tracking and Analysis: SERS provides detailed performance tracking and analysis, allowing trainers to monitor trainee progress, identify areas for improvement, and provide targeted feedback. This data-driven approach ensures continuous improvement in training effectiveness and crew competency.
  • Adaptability to Future Requirements: SERS can be easily updated to incorporate new technologies, regulations, and industry best practices, ensuring your training program remains relevant and aligned with evolving SIRE requirements.

By choosing GDS SERS for your SIRE 2.0 training, you invest in a comprehensive and effective training solution that enhances crew competency, improves safety performance, and ensures compliance with the latest industry standards.

Future Sailors Protect the Marmara Sea with the MarBalast Project!

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The “Raising Awareness on Marmara Sea Ballast and Bilge Pollution” project, supported by European Union Projects, draws attention to the environmental threats facing the Marmara Sea and aims to raise awareness among future sailors.
Environmental pollution caused by ballast and bilge water wastes originating from ships poses a serious threat to the Marmara Sea ecosystem. Although MARPOL and IMO Environmental Pollution rules aim to prevent this pollution, human factors and a lack of awareness can cause problems to continue.
At this point, the MarBalast Project was carried out under the consultancy of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ismail Cicek aims to raise awareness through training for maritime students. Within the scope of the “Raising Awareness on Marmara Sea Ballast and Bilge Pollution” project, supported by European Union initiatives, highlights the environmental threats facing the Marmara Sea and aims to educate future sailors.
Pollution resulting from ship ballast and bilge water waste poses a significant threat to the Marmara Sea ecosystem. Although MARPOL and IMO environmental regulations are designed to prevent this pollution, human factors and a lack of awareness can lead to ongoing issues.
The MarBalast Project, guided by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ismail Cicek seeks to raise awareness among maritime students through specialized training. As part of this project, the project team will organize conferences and workshops on maritime management and the importance of pollution prevention at various maritime faculties and high schools across Turkey.The project will last eight months and be executed by the Istanbul Technical University Maritime Technologies Club. Through the MarBalast Project, future sailors will learn about environmentally responsible maritime practices and contribute to protecting the Marmara Sea.
The main objectives of the project are:

  • To inform maritime students about the environmental damage caused by ships.
  • To emphasize the importance of adhering to international maritime regulations such as MARPOL and IMO.
  • To raise awareness aimed at minimizing environmental damage stemming from human activities.
  • To cultivate environmentally conscious generations of future sailors.

The MarBalast Project promises hope for the future of the Marmara Sea!

Engine Room Simulator, ERS, Ship, Engine Room, Marine Engineering, Maritime, Simulation, IMO STCW 2010, Standards for Training and Certification of Watchkeeping, Ship, Model Course 2.07 (2017 Ed.), SERS

The SIRE 2.0 training starts with the GDS SERS™ product using the newly developed SERS-T™ Tanker Ship model.

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On July 8, 2023, Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Naval Architecture and Maritime Faculty Member Prof. Dr. Ahmet Dursun Alkan visited to see the Tanker Model SERS-T™, which will be the product of SERS™, and the Ship Engine Room SERS™, which is being installed at ITU Faculty of Maritime.

During the meeting at the ITU Maritime Faculty where SERS™, developed by GDS Engineering ARGE, was developed, SERS-T™, which is being developed for the SIRE 2.0 and ISM Code-Based Training of Tanker Type Ship Personnel within the scope of the TÜBİTAK 1501 Project, was introduced. With SERS-T™, a new system will be created to train sailors who will board the Tanker Ship. SERS™, which is actively used during the introduction, was also introduced.

In the developing simulator, Tanker ship machinery systems will be mathematically modeled and Graphical User Interface (GUI) Panels will be designed. The developed simulator will be compatible with SIRE 2.0 and ISM Codes required in Tanker Ships, and seafarers who will work on the Tanker Ship will be able to perform their training with Operation and Management level training scenarios.

During the visit, the Simulator Center for SERS™, which is being established at ITU Maritime Faculty, was toured.

SERS™ has been pre-installed at ITU Maritime Faculty. SERS™, which was brought to ITU in collaboration with GDS Engineering R&D and SimBT, was highly appreciated by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Dursun Alkan. He also shared his own views and recommendations for SERS™ and SERS-T™ with Dr. İsmail Çiçek.

SERS™, which is being installed at ITU Maritime Faculty Simulator Center, will provide training to students from Turkish Maritime schools at ITU Maritime Faculty, thanks to its structure that keeps up with technology for education and its rapid adaptation to today’s ship models, and will ensure that the sector is trained with conscious sailors who are knowledgeable about ship engine rooms.

The Role of the GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator in Skill Development

The GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator is an advanced training tool that replicates the engine room environment of modern vessels, providing maritime personnel with hands-on experience in a controlled setting. This simulator covers a wide range of critical systems found in ship engine rooms, including propulsion, auxiliary machinery, electrical systems, and emergency protocols. By using the simulator, crew members can practice their skills, refine their decision-making processes, and gain confidence in handling complex systems without the risks associated with real-world errors.

The simulator allows trainees to engage in realistic scenarios, such as equipment failures, power management issues, and environmental challenges. This training is invaluable in helping them develop deep technical skills needed to respond effectively under pressure. Given the increasing complexity of ship machinery, which often integrates digital and automated controls, such simulator-based training ensures that personnel are well-prepared for both routine and emergency operations.

Developing Deep Technical Skills with SIRE 2.0 and the GDS Simulator

By integrating SIRE 2.0’s competency standards with the practical capabilities of the GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator, maritime training institutions can foster deep tech skills that are essential in today’s high-stakes maritime environment. Training programs using these tools can address various aspects, including:

Operational Readiness: By simulating real-life engine room conditions, the GDS simulator enables personnel to develop an intuitive understanding of systems and processes, which aligns with SIRE 2.0’s focus on crew readiness and situational awareness.

Crisis Management and Decision-Making: The simulator provides scenarios that replicate emergency situations, allowing trainees to practice crisis response, prioritize actions, and make critical decisions under pressure.

Technical Proficiency: The GDS simulator helps personnel develop advanced skills in troubleshooting and maintaining complex machinery, which is crucial for achieving SIRE 2.0’s standards for operational excellence.

Environmental Compliance: With a growing emphasis on environmental regulations, the simulator enables crew members to familiarize themselves with compliance standards and practice procedures that reduce environmental impact, such as optimizing fuel usage and managing waste effectively.

Safety Protocols: Through realistic training scenarios, the simulator reinforces safety protocols, ensuring that personnel can identify and mitigate risks, which is a core component of the SIRE 2.0 inspection program.

Enhancing the Future of Maritime Training
As the maritime industry continues

Engine Room Simulator, ERS, Ship, Engine Room, Marine Engineering, Maritime, Simulation, IMO STCW 2010, Standards for Training and Certification of Watchkeeping, Ship, Model Course 2.07 (2017 Ed.), SERS, Maritime, Ship Electricity, Electrical Systems
Prevention of Maritime Accidents. Maritime Studies. Man Overboard. Denize Adam Düşmesi. Maritime Accident Investigation Reports. Maritime Research. IMO GISIS. Database. Veritabanı Oluşturulması. EU Project. TUBITAK. ITU Maritime Faculty. İTÜ Denizcilik Fakültesi. Maritime Accident Investigation, Casualty Investigation Code, Man Over Board (MOB), Lessons Learned, Database, Data Format, Report Forms. Root Cause Analysis. Root Cause Flow Charts. Collision Accidents. Analysis and assessment of ship collision accidents using Fault Tree and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. MCA. , Fault tree method, Multiple correspondence analysis, Collision Regulation, CollReg. Human Error. The results represent the cause statistics of the ship-to-ship collision accidents that occurred in the last 43 years. Considering the collision accident reports data, our results show %94,7 of collision accidents are related to human error.

Categories of Maritime (Ship) Accident Types and Research Studies

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Categories of Maritime (Ship) Accident Types

Lloyds Maritime Information Services (LMIS) has a casualty database which divides the maritime (ship) accidents into the following categories:

1. Foundered – includes ships which sank as a result of heavy weather, leaks, breaking into two, etc, and not as a consequence of other categories such as collision etc.

2. Missing vessel – includes ships that disappeared without any trace or witnesses knowing exactly what happened in the accident.

3. Fire/explosion – includes ships where fire/explosion is the first event reported, or where fire/explosion results from hull/machinery damage, i.e. this category includes fires due to engine damage, but not fires due to collision etc.

4. Collision – includes ships striking or being struck by another ship, regardless of whether under way, anchored or moored. This category does not include ships striking underwater wrecks.

5. Contact – includes ships striking or being struck by an external object, but not another ship or the sea bottom. This category includes striking drilling rigs/platforms, regardless of whether in fixed position or in tow.

6. Wrecked/stranded – includes ships striking the sea bottom, shore or underwater wrecks.

7. War loss/hostilities – includes ships damaged from all hostile acts.

8. Hull/machinery damage – includes ships where the hull/machinery damage is not due to other categories such as collision etc.

9. Miscellaneous – includes lost or damaged ships which cannot be classified into any of the categories 1 through 8 due to not falling into any of the categories above or due to lack of information (e.g. an accident starting by the cargo shifting would typically be classified as miscellaneous).

Above is also referenced in Wartsila website. Man Over Board (MOB) event, a person falling into water, is not referenced in the above listing.

 

However;

IMO accidents website, Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS), refers to Man Over Board as another accident type, which may end with a death or injury. We would like to refern the following two of our publications for the details of MOB and Collision accident types:

Title: Maritime Investigation Reports Involving Man-Over-Board (MOB) Casualties: A Methodology for Evaluation Process, Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, Vol: 5 No: 2 (2019) 141-170. Authors: Orhan Gönel and İsmail Çiçek. Click this link for more information...

Title: Analysis and assessment of ship collision accidents using Fault Tree and Multiple Correspondence Analysis, Ocean Engineering, Volume 245, 2022, 110514, ISSN 0029-8018. Authors: Hasan Ugurlu and Ismail Cicek. Click this link for more information...

 

With these studies, we categorize the maritime investigation reports into the following groups, which is more inline with the  International Maritime Organization (IMO) ‘Casualty Investigation Code’ (CI Code) (2008):

Ship:

  • Grounding/Stranding 
  • Collision/Contact/Allision
  • Fire/Explosion
  • Flooding/Foundering
  • Capsizing/Listing
  • Damage to ship or equipment

Crew:

  • Man-Over-Board (MOB)
  • Injury/Death
Maritime Studies. Man Overboard. Denize Adam Düşmesi. Maritime Accident Investigation Reports. Maritime Research. IMO GISIS. Database. Veritabanı Oluşturulması. EU Project. TUBITAK. ITU Maritime Faculty. İTÜ Denizcilik Fakültesi. Maritime Accident Investigation, Casualty Investigation Code, Man Over Board (MOB), Lessons Learned, Database, Data Format, Report Forms. Root Cause Analysis. Root Cause Flow Charts. Collision Accidents. Analysis and assessment of ship collision accidents using Fault Tree and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. MCA. , Fault tree method, Multiple correspondence analysis, Collision Regulation, CollReg. Human Error. The results represent the cause statistics of the ship-to-ship collision accidents that occurred in the last 43 years. Considering the collision accident reports data, our results show %94,7 of collision accidents are related to human error.

A New Study Published in the Ocean Engineering Journal: “Analysis and assessment of ship collision accidents using Fault Tree and Multiple Correspondence Analysis”

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Journal Article:

Ocean Engineering, Volume 245, 1 February 2022, 110514

Hasan Ugurlu, Ismail Cicek, Analysis and assessment of ship collision accidents using Fault Tree and Multiple Correspondence Analysis, Ocean Engineering, Volume 245, 2022, 110514, ISSN 0029-8018,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.110514.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801821017923)

Authors

Hasan Uğurlu and Ismail Cicek

Highlights

• 513 ship collision accidents for all ship types, dated since 1977, were studied.
• 39 primary causes for collisions were examined with fault tree analysis.
• Importance and probability values for each primary cause are presented.
• Results indicate which COLREG Rules are violated the most.
• Recommendations are provided for reducing the potential collision accidents.

Abstract

Our research study indicates that, over the past few decades, the expected decrease in the number of maritime accidents has not occurred. The statistics show the collision and contact types of marine accidents have always been the most frequent. Primary causes that contribute to ship collisions were collected from 513 collision accidents reported since 1977, which is the date the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs) came into effect. The root causes of ship-to-ship collisions were determined statistically. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). This provided the probability and importance of the primary causes contributing to the ship collision accidents and defined minimal cut sets. Results show that the violation of the COLREG Rules is the most important and effective factor for collision accidents. Therefore, further analysis was conducted and the results showed which type of COLREG Rules mostly violated statistically. The primary causes were also examined by Multiple Correspondence Analysis, and it was determined that maneuvering and perception errors were the most effective factors in collision accidents. The results represent the cause statistics of the ship-to-ship collision accidents that occurred in the last 43 years. Considering the collision accident reports data, our results show %94,7 of collision accidents are related to human error.

Read more at Ocean Engieering journal…

Keywords

Maritime accidents, Ship collision, Fault tree method, Multiple correspondence analysis, Collision regulation, Human error

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.110514

Why is this Paper Important?

The results represent the cause statistics of the ship-to-ship collision accidents that occurred in the last 43 years. Considering the collision accident reports data, our results show %94,7 of collision accidents are related to human error.

  • 513 ship collision accidents for all ship types, dated since 1977, were studied.
  • 39 primary causes for collisions were examined with fault tree analysis.
  • Importance and probability values for each primary cause are presented.
  • Results indicate which COLREG Rules are violated the most.
  • Recommendations are provided for reducing the potential collision accidents.
Ship Engine Room Simulator (ERS) SERS GDS Engineering R&D IMO STCW 2010, Engine Performance, Main Diesel Engine, Marine, Maritime, IMO Model Course 2.07. Certified by ClassNK. ITU Maritime Faculty. Yıldız Technical University. Competencies. Operation and Management Level. Education and Training. Assessment of Marine Engineers. Troubleshooting with Fault Tree Scnearious and Analysis Reporting. Objective Assessment. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai.High Voltage Training Functions 6600 VAC. Ship Propulsion Systems. Maritime Education and Training. Main Engine Performance. Sunken Diagrams. Energy Efficiency. Marine Engineering. Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters. Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training. SERS Trademark

Capture GDS Vision in the Engine Room Simulator Development

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In recent years, the maritime industry has seen a significant push towards technological advancement and stricter safety and operational standards. As vessels become more sophisticated and regulations evolve, the role of well-trained onboard maritime personnel becomes increasingly essential. In this context, the SIRE 2.0 program and GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator represent pioneering tools designed to equip maritime crews with deep technical skills necessary to meet new demands and improve the safety and efficiency of maritime operations.

Understanding SIRE 2.0 and Its Impact on Maritime Training

The Ship Inspection Report Programme (SIRE) has long been a fundamental tool in maintaining safety and operational standards across the maritime industry, particularly for tanker operations. Launched by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), the program provides a comprehensive inspection system that evaluates the condition and operations of vessels. However, with the growing complexity of modern vessels and stricter environmental and safety regulations, the traditional SIRE program required enhancements to address these evolving needs. This led to the development of SIRE 2.0, an upgraded version that integrates data-centric inspection methodologies with a stronger focus on crew competency, operational excellence, and technical skills.

One of the key features of SIRE 2.0 is its focus on assessing the competency of crew members in handling complex equipment and operations. Rather than focusing solely on vessel condition, SIRE 2.0 evaluates the practical skills, knowledge, and decision-making abilities of onboard personnel. This ensures that crew members are not only familiar with equipment and operational standards but are also capable of responding effectively to critical situations.

The emphasis on crew competency in SIRE 2.0 aligns with the industry’s shift toward a human-centered approach in safety and operational excellence. This paradigm shift means that training programs must go beyond traditional instruction and delve into more practical, technology-driven skills, which is where simulators like the GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator come into play.

The Role of the GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator in Skill Development

The GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator is an advanced training tool that replicates the engine room environment of modern vessels, providing maritime personnel with hands-on experience in a controlled setting. This simulator covers a wide range of critical systems found in ship engine rooms, including propulsion, auxiliary machinery, electrical systems, and emergency protocols. By using the simulator, crew members can practice their skills, refine their decision-making processes, and gain confidence in handling complex systems without the risks associated with real-world errors.

The simulator allows trainees to engage in realistic scenarios, such as equipment failures, power management issues, and environmental challenges. This training is invaluable in helping them develop deep technical skills needed to respond effectively under pressure. Given the increasing complexity of ship machinery, which often integrates digital and automated controls, such simulator-based training ensures that personnel are well-prepared for both routine and emergency operations.

Developing Deep Technical Skills with SIRE 2.0 and the GDS Simulator

By integrating SIRE 2.0’s competency standards with the practical capabilities of the GDS Ship Engine Room Simulator, maritime training institutions can foster deep tech skills that are essential in today’s high-stakes maritime environment. Training programs using these tools can address various aspects, including:

Operational Readiness: By simulating real-life engine room conditions, the GDS simulator enables personnel to develop an intuitive understanding of systems and processes, which aligns with SIRE 2.0’s focus on crew readiness and situational awareness.

Crisis Management and Decision-Making: The simulator provides scenarios that replicate emergency situations, allowing trainees to practice crisis response, prioritize actions, and make critical decisions under pressure.

Technical Proficiency: The GDS simulator helps personnel develop advanced skills in troubleshooting and maintaining complex machinery, which is crucial for achieving SIRE 2.0’s standards for operational excellence.

Environmental Compliance: With a growing emphasis on environmental regulations, the simulator enables crew members to familiarize themselves with compliance standards and practice procedures that reduce environmental impact, such as optimizing fuel usage and managing waste effectively.

Safety Protocols: Through realistic training scenarios, the simulator reinforces safety protocols, ensuring that personnel can identify and mitigate risks, which is a core component of the SIRE 2.0 inspection program.

Enhancing the Future of Maritime Training
As the maritime industry continues