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Maritime Studies. Man Overboard. Denize Adam Düşmesi. Maritime Accident Investigation Reports. Maritime Research. IMO GISIS. Database. Veritabanı Oluşturulması. EU Project. TUBITAK. ITU Maritime Faculty. İTÜ Denizcilik Fakültesi. Maritime Accident Investigation, Casualty Investigation Code, Man Over Board (MOB), Lessons Learned, Database, Data Format, Report Forms. Root Cause Analysis. Root Cause Flow Charts. Collision Accidents. Analysis and assessment of ship collision accidents using Fault Tree and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. MCA. , Fault tree method, Multiple correspondence analysis, Collision Regulation, CollReg. Human Error. The results represent the cause statistics of the ship-to-ship collision accidents that occurred in the last 43 years. Considering the collision accident reports data, our results show %94,7 of collision accidents are related to human error.

A New Study Published in the Ocean Engineering Journal: “Analysis and assessment of ship collision accidents using Fault Tree and Multiple Correspondence Analysis”

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Journal Article:

Ocean Engineering, Volume 245, 1 February 2022, 110514

Hasan Ugurlu, Ismail Cicek, Analysis and assessment of ship collision accidents using Fault Tree and Multiple Correspondence Analysis, Ocean Engineering, Volume 245, 2022, 110514, ISSN 0029-8018,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.110514.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801821017923)

Authors

Hasan Uğurlu and Ismail Cicek

Highlights

• 513 ship collision accidents for all ship types, dated since 1977, were studied.
• 39 primary causes for collisions were examined with fault tree analysis.
• Importance and probability values for each primary cause are presented.
• Results indicate which COLREG Rules are violated the most.
• Recommendations are provided for reducing the potential collision accidents.

Abstract

Our research study indicates that, over the past few decades, the expected decrease in the number of maritime accidents has not occurred. The statistics show the collision and contact types of marine accidents have always been the most frequent. Primary causes that contribute to ship collisions were collected from 513 collision accidents reported since 1977, which is the date the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs) came into effect. The root causes of ship-to-ship collisions were determined statistically. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). This provided the probability and importance of the primary causes contributing to the ship collision accidents and defined minimal cut sets. Results show that the violation of the COLREG Rules is the most important and effective factor for collision accidents. Therefore, further analysis was conducted and the results showed which type of COLREG Rules mostly violated statistically. The primary causes were also examined by Multiple Correspondence Analysis, and it was determined that maneuvering and perception errors were the most effective factors in collision accidents. The results represent the cause statistics of the ship-to-ship collision accidents that occurred in the last 43 years. Considering the collision accident reports data, our results show %94,7 of collision accidents are related to human error.

Read more at Ocean Engieering journal…

Keywords

Maritime accidents, Ship collision, Fault tree method, Multiple correspondence analysis, Collision regulation, Human error

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.110514

Why is this Paper Important?

The results represent the cause statistics of the ship-to-ship collision accidents that occurred in the last 43 years. Considering the collision accident reports data, our results show %94,7 of collision accidents are related to human error.

  • 513 ship collision accidents for all ship types, dated since 1977, were studied.
  • 39 primary causes for collisions were examined with fault tree analysis.
  • Importance and probability values for each primary cause are presented.
  • Results indicate which COLREG Rules are violated the most.
  • Recommendations are provided for reducing the potential collision accidents.
Ship Engine Room Simulator (ERS) SERS GDS Engineering R&D IMO STCW 2010, Engine Performance, Main Diesel Engine, Marine, Maritime, IMO Model Course 2.07. Certified by ClassNK. ITU Maritime Faculty. Yıldız Technical University. Competencies. Operation and Management Level. Education and Training. Assessment of Marine Engineers. Troubleshooting with Fault Tree Scnearious and Analysis Reporting. Objective Assessment. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai.High Voltage Training Functions 6600 VAC. Ship Propulsion Systems. Maritime Education and Training. Main Engine Performance. Sunken Diagrams. Energy Efficiency. Marine Engineering. Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters. Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training. SERS Trademark

Operating Marine Diesel Engines – IMO STCW 2010 Competency Requirements

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Operation of the engine room machinary and systems: Watch GDS Engine Room Simulator Demonstration Videos

Watch the videos demonstrated by our students. Operation of the engine room machinary and system in accordance with the IMO Compentency Requirements.

Thanks fr watching and please communicate with us if you would like to have this training system be incorporated in your training programms.

GDS Systems Engineering Training Programs. Online Training. Training helps reduce your design and operational risks. We provide MIL-STD-810H, RTCA-DO-160, Vibration and Shock, FAA Requirements Management courses. by Dr Ismail Cicek and a CVE certified by EASA. Tailoring of the MIL-STD-810H test methods and procedures. EUT. Equipment Under Test. Online Classes. US based intructor. US DOD. EASA. FAA. NASA. Miliary Stanrdards. Askeri Test Standartları. Çevresel Test Standart Eğitimi. Eğitim. Acceleration Testing. Aircraft Systems. RTCA-DO-160. Crash Hazard. Korozyon Testleri. Corrosion Tests. Environmental Testing of Products, provided by GDS Engineering R&D, Systems Engineering Products and Solutions. Dr. Ismail Cicek. Product Verification and Validation Courses for Integrated Systems. C-17 Military Aicraft. FAA/EASA. US DoD. Safety First. US Army. US Air Force and US Navy Tailoring Examples for Mission and Environmental Profile. Setting Test Limits and Durations are Explained. How to evaluate test results and mitigate the risk (Risk Assessment Matrix). Aircafft Equipment, Devices, Plugs, Machinary, Engines, Compressors, or Carry-on. European CE Time Schedule.

Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) of Marine Devices and Electrical Equipment

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Devices used onboard a ship are exposed to harsh electromagnetic environments, whether in the propulsion, deck or bridge area of a ship. Testing of such devices for Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) is therefore very important. Otherwise, manufacturers can face difficulties during the certification and procurement stages.

EMC testing and certification  services to ensure your marine products comply with relevant international standards and regulations is a MUST!

GDS Engineering R&D does not perform these tests yet; however, have the information on design and test knowledge. The requirements include the international conventions as agreed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).

Currently, we have observed that these tests are conducted by reputable agencies like ELEMENT.

The testing laboratories use the following standards to test the marine electronic, digital or electrical devices for certification to IMO SOLAS requirements, guidance, or recommendations:

  • IEC 60945
  • IEC 60533
  • Lloyds Register Test Spec No 1
  • DNV Certification Notes 2.4
  • IEC 60092

Click this link to read more about ELEMENT’s advertisements.  Element also provides the following additional information in their website:

Support and guidance from the initial design stage

The use of composite materials in ship construction together with new radio technologies and high power electronics are changing the requirements and design goals that need to be achieved to ensure electromagnetic compatibility.  Element is well placed with our knowledge of both standards and the target environment to provide detailed guidance of the best compliance strategies to adopt for your marine products.

CE Marking and Wheel Mark certification

Element performs EMC testing in conjunction with climatic and environmental test requirements to meet dedicated marine standards and be compliant with CE marking legislation. We make sure your marine equipment complies with the relevant EMC standards listed in the Marine Equipment Directive to help you achieve the Wheel Mark certification.

EMC test plans
Online Training on MIL-STD-810H, RTCA-DO-160, MIL-STD-461G, MIL-STD-704 Environmental Testing of Products, provided by GDS Engineering R&D, Systems Engineering Products and Solutions. Training Led by a Live US-based Sr. Instructor: Dr. Ismail Cicek. Product Verification and Validation Courses for Integrated Systems. C-17 Military Aicraft. FAA/EASA. US DoD. Safety First. US Army. US Air Force and US Navy Tailoring Examples for Mission and Environmental Profile. Setting Test Limits and Durations are Explained. How to evaluate test results and mitigate the risk (Risk Assessment Matrix). Aircafft Equipment, Devices, Plugs, Machinary, Engines, Compressors, or Carry-on. European CE Time Schedule. FAA Requirements Management. Efficient way of learning. Continues Education. Class Material.

Our test facilities for both EMC and environmental provide a comprehensive portfolio of tests to ensure that whatever your marine equipment is, and no matter where it’s located, we have a test solution that matches your needs.

Coordinated approach to testing for global market access

Our expertise comes from testing thousands of different products every year, and our industry-leading capacity allows us appropriate coordination of testing, so your marine equipment meets common standards of safety and performance across the EU and is accepted for entry into world markets.

For more information, we currently advice you contact with Element support desk.

Ship Engine Room Simulator (ERS) SERS GDS Engineering R&D IMO STCW 2010, Engine Performance, Main Diesel Engine, Marine, Maritime, IMO Model Course 2.07. Certified by ClassNK. ITU Maritime Faculty. Yıldız Technical University. Competencies. Operation and Management Level. Education and Training. Assessment of Marine Engineers. Troubleshooting with Fault Tree Scnearious and Analysis Reporting. Objective Assessment. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai.High Voltage Training Functions 6600 VAC. Ship Propulsion Systems. Maritime Education and Training. Main Engine Performance. Sunken Diagrams. Energy Efficiency. Marine Engineering. Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters. Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training. SERS Trademark

Effect of Weather on the Marine Propulsion Engine Performance Onboard a Ship

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IMO Model Course Exercise recommends students learn the weather change effect on engine performance.

GDS Engineering R&D developed a modern Engine Room Simulator (ERS) and it is in use by various research and training institutions. GDS ERS, called SERS, includes all engine room, ship, and environmental paramaters to demonstrate the weather effect to engine performance while onboard systems are maintaining their status with the displayed parameters. This scenario study is a predefined and set in the ERS for instructors to directly apply in their STCW Management Level Exercises. Student Workbooks accomodate this exercise with specficic forms to fill by the trainees.

Ship Engine Room Simulator (ERS) SERS GDS Engineering R&D IMO STCW 2010, Engine Performance, Main Diesel Engine, Marine, Maritime, IMO Model Course 2.07. Certified by ClassNK. ITU Maritime Faculty. Yıldız Technical University. Competencies. Operation and Management Level. Education and Training. Assessment of Marine Engineers. Troubleshooting with Fault Tree Scnearious and Analysis Reporting. Objective Assessment. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai.High Voltage Training Functions 6600 VAC. Ship Propulsion Systems. Maritime Education and Training. Main Engine Performance. Sunken Diagrams. Energy Efficiency. Marine Engineering. Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters. Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training. SERS Trademark

A Study of the Main Propulsion Engine Performance with Ship’s Draft Change

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Purpose: Exercise the weather effect to engine performance using the Ship ERS. Generate a report with capturing the images using SERS GUI panels and tools provided. Note that this exercise is generated as part of the IMO Model Course 2.07 (2017 Edition) exercises. This training exercise was developed as part of the IMO STCW 2010 Management Level objectives using the Model Course 2.07 guidelines ans steps. 

Note: This classroom exercise was provided in this page as an example. Click here to visit the Ship Engine Room Simulator product to read more.

Step 1: ERS is operated in Navigation Mode and Ballast Transfer System is lined up for ballast operations. Draft is Low (i.e. d=9 m.)

Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters IMO Model Course 2.07, IMO, STCW 2010, Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training, Maritime. GDS Engineering R&D, SERS, Trademark

Step 2: ME Processes GUI Panel displays the ME Parameters while the draft is increasing. Check Figure 2 for that the the baseline (sea test) data/graphs are displayed. Being able to understand the ME performance graphs are important in this exercise. 

Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters IMO Model Course 2.07, IMO, STCW 2010, Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training, Maritime. GDS Engineering R&D, SERS, Trademark

Step 3: Ensure the  control of the main engine is set to “RPM”.

Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters IMO Model Course 2.07, IMO, STCW 2010, Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training, Maritime. GDS Engineering R&D, SERS, Trademark

Step 4: Graphs and Plots GUI Panel displays the trend data for the selected parameters. In this exercise, it is important to plot the draft and ME Power. Additionally, it is important to select the ME Power versus ME RPM in the X-Y plot area to see the ME Power change while the RPM is controlled.

Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters IMO Model Course 2.07, IMO, STCW 2010, Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training, Maritime. GDS Engineering R&D, SERS, Trademark

Step 5: Status of the Ballast Tanks and Levels are important to observe.

Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters IMO Model Course 2.07, IMO, STCW 2010, Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training, Maritime. GDS Engineering R&D, SERS, Trademark

Step 6: Students should be able to interpret time (trend) and X-Y graphs for this operation, as part of the MANAGEMENT LEVEL exercise objectives.

Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters IMO Model Course 2.07, IMO, STCW 2010, Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training, Maritime. GDS Engineering R&D, SERS, Trademark

Step 7: Complete the exercise with noting the ME parameter changes.

Effect of Draft Change in the Ship Main Engine Performance Parameters IMO Model Course 2.07, IMO, STCW 2010, Management Level Training Exercices, Marine Engineering Education and Training, Maritime. GDS Engineering R&D, SERS, Trademark